en
Przegląd Europejski – European Studies Quarterly

Measuring the far-right in Europe: comparative analysis of the xenophobic and anti-immigrant sentiment in Germany, Poland and Russia

2021, 2021, No. 1

Andrey A. Kinyakin

0000-0003-4428-508X

Universty of Potsdam (Potsdam, Germany)

Dmitry A. Kotov

0000-0002-3330-4292

Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VCIOM), Financial University under Government of the Russian Federation (Moscow, Russia)

Sergey A. Stepanov

0000-0003-4682-0445

Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia – RUDN University (Moscow, Russia)

DOI

10.31338/1641-2478pe.1.21.2

Publication date

14.04.2021

Publishing model

open access

License type

CC BY 4.0 Int.

Field

Social sciences

Discipline

international relations, economics and finance, communication and media studies, political science and public administration, management and quality studies, law, sociology

Language of publication

English, Polish

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Article

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Number of downloads:34

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Abstract

The rising significance of the far-right as political actors is one of the most noticeable political trends in Europe within the recent decades. It causes constant research activity aimed at the analysis of nature of public support of right-wing forces. However, the researchers, dealing with the issues of assessing the public support of the far-right in different European countries frequently have confront the problem of lack of relevant measurement tools, as well as efficient methodology for valid cross-country analysis. This stems not only from different “political background” and “political environment”, connected with political traditions and political practices, but also from the nature of public support of the far-right, having not only “overt”, but also “covert” component. Whereas “overt” component is on the surface and is good measurable (mainly by conventional tools such as polling), the “covert” one, encompassing the in-depth social sentiments, is hardly measurable. This pose real problem for assessing the genuine amount of public support far-right forces taking into account the fact, that “covert” component is to be crucial in achieving that goal. In October 2020 to tackle this problem by the international group of researchers there was initiated the research project, aiming at development of the specific research methodology on the combination of traditional and “digital” research methods such as comparative analysis, expert interviews and “social media listening” (SML) for analysing the xenophobic and anti-immigrant sentiments in three European societies – in Germany, Poland and Russia as a “covert” component. The accomplishment of the research project is expected to provide not only the insights into specifics of the public support of the far-right in different European countries by assessing the “covert” component, but also help to assess its genuine (gross) scale as well as to single out the factors influencing the public support of the far-right by putting emphasis on the ongoing political and social processes. The research project is expected to deliver the information for elaboration of the gauges (indicators) for valid cross-country analysis of the far-right politics in different countries allowing to overcome some research “weak points” – ranging from huge differences in political traditions to scarcity of relevant data. The aim of this article is to present and discuss the elaborated methodological approach.

Keywords:

: far-right,right-wing parties,nationalism,xenophobia,anti-immigrant sentiments,Russia,Germany,Poland,cross-country analysis,comparative analysis,methodology SML (social media listening)

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