March 10, 2026
Reviewers
Reviewers:
Articles submitted to Przegląd Europejski undergo the reviewing process, described on another page. If the preliminary assessment of the manuscript is positive, the Editorial Board transfers the text, without disclosing its Author, for it to be assessed by two external reviewers, who do not have any conflict of interest with the Author. In particular, they cannot be affiliated with the same institution. They are not allowed to use any information on the reviewed manuscript prior to its publication. Reviewers may influence the final shape of the published works and therefore affect the Editorial Board members’ decisions. For more information regarding ethical standards for reviewers, please consult the Publication Ethics section.
List of Reviewers 2025:
• dr Arianna Angeli (University of Milan, Italy)
• assoc. prof. Elshan Ahmadov (The Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan)
• prof. dr hab. Robert Alberski (University of Wrocław, Poland)
• dr Przemysław Biskup (SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Poland)
• dr Marzenna Błaszczuk-Zawiła (SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Poland)
• prof. Vasyl Buslenko (Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University, Lutsk, Ukraine)
• dr Piotr Burgoński (Cardinal Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Poland)
• dr Błażej Choroś (University of Opole, Poland)
• prof. Małgorzata Ciesielska (Sheffield Hallam University, UK)
• dr Bartłomiej Chomański (Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland)
• dr Katarzyna M. Cwynar (University of Rzeszów, Poland)
• dr Hanna Dębska (UKEN, Cracow, Poland)
• dr Mario De Martino (International Research Group on E-Learning & Innovative Education (IRGELIE), University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Italy)
• prof. univ., dr hab. Łukasz Donaj (Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland)
• doc. dr Nadiya Dubrovina (Bratislava University of Economics and Management, Slovakia)
• prof. Gordana Djurovic (University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro)
• prof. Dilmurod Ernazarov (Tashkent State University of Economics, Uzbekistan)
• Melanie Franke, MBA, M.Sc., Research Associate (University of Regensburg, Germany)
• dr Grzegorz Gil (Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Poland)
• assist. prof. Ana Paula Lamoso-González (Loyola University, Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain)
• prof. dr hab. Lidiya Guryanova (V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Ukraine)
• prof. Haris Halilović (University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
• prof. Ihor Hurak (Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine)
• prof. univ., dr hab. Danuta Kabat-Rudnicka (Krakow University of Economics, Poland)
• Adnan Kadribasic (International Summer School Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
• dr Oleksandra Kalmykova (Istanbul University, Turkiye)
• dr Gediminas Kazėnas (Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Luthuania)
• dr Jans Kevišs-Petuško (RISEBA University of Applied Sciences, Riga, Latvia)
• prof. Andrey Kinyakin (Centro Universitário Integrado di Campo Mourão, Brazil)
• Artur Koldomasov (Centrum Badań Detektor Media, Warszawa, Polska)
• dr hab. Iryna Kostetska (National University of Ostroh Academy, Ukraine)
• assoc. prof. Dmytro Korotkov (S.Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics, Kharkiv, Ukraine)
• dr Kamil Kotliński (University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland)
• prof. univ., dr hab. Artur Lipiński (Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland)
• dr Kerry Anne Longhurst, Jean Monnet Professor (Collegium Civitas, Warszawa, Polska)
• prof. Dževad Mahmutović (University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
• dr Arkadiusz Machniak (University of Rzeszów, Poland)
• dr Diana Mykhailova-Kacimi (independent researcher, Ukraine)
• prof. univ., dr hab. Małgorzata Molęda-Zdziech (SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Poland)
• prof. univ., dr hab. Edward Molendowski (WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland)
• dr Oleksii Moldovan (independent researcher, Poland)
• dr Besnik Murati (University ‘Isa Boletini’ in Mitrovica, St. ‘Ukshin Kovacica’, Mitrovica, Republic of Kosovo)
• dr Vladimír Müller (Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia)
• dr Sławomir Niedźwiecki (Wrocław, Poland)
• prof. Peter Nedergaard (University of Copenhagen, Denmark)
• prof. univ., dr Tetyana Nestorenko (Academy of Silesia, Katowice, Poland)
• prof. univ., dr hab. Ewa Nowak-Teter (Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie, Polska)
• prof. univ., dr hab. Beata Pająk-Patkowska (Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland)
• dr Maid Pajević (University "Džemal Bijedić", Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
• dr Edyta Pietrzak (Lodz University of Technology, Poland)
• prof. Nezir Pivić (University of Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
• dr Dariusz Prokopowicz (Cardinal Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Poland)
• prof. dr hab. Marek Rewizorski (University of Gdańsk, Poland)
• dr Nedžad Smailagić, LLM (University of Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
• prof. Olena Snigova (National Academy of Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine)
• dr Joanna Stefaniak (University of Gdańsk, Poland)
• prof. dr hab. Wojciech Sokół (Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Poland)
• prof. univ., dr hab. Marcin Szewczyk (WSIiZ Rzeszow, Poland)
• dr Marta Szulc (University of Szczecin, Poland)
• prof. univ., dr hab. Agnieszka Szpak (Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Polska)
• dr Zane Šime, Visiting Research Fellow (United Nations University Institute on Comparative Regional Integration Studies (UNU-CRIS), Bruges, Belgium)
• prof. univ., dr hab. Magdalena Tomala (Kielce University of Technology, Poland)
• dr Piotr Toczyski (Maria Grzegorzewska University in Warsaw, Poland)
• prof. dr Çiğdem Üstün (İstanbul Nişantaşı University, İstanbul, Turkiye)
• prof. Alessandro Vitale (University of Milan, Italy)
• prof. Nataliia Vynnychenko (Sumy State University, Ukraine)
• dr Małgorzata Winiarska-Brodowska (Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland)
• prof. univ., dr hab. Rafał Włodarczyk (University of Wrocław, Poland)
• dr Łukasz Wróblewski (Poznań University of Economics and Business, Poland)
List of Reviewers 2024:
• dr Arianna Angeli (University of Milan, Italy)
• dr Michał Broniszewski (Krakow University of Economics, Poland)
• dr Anna Chmielarz-Grochal (University of Lodz, Poland)
• dr Barbara Curyło (University of Opole, Poland)
• assist. Prof. dr Dragan Dakić (University of Kragujevac, Serbia)
• dr Mario De Martino (University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Italy)
• dr András Deák (Institute of World Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies – IWE CERS, Budapest, Hungary)
• prof. univ. dr hab. Agata Domachowska (Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland)
• prof. Bruno Drwęski (INALCO, Paris, France)
• assoc. prof. Nadiya Dubrovina (Bratislava University of Economics and Management, Slovakia)
• dr Anna Dybała (Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Poland)
• dr Andrea Éltető (Institute of World Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies – IWE CERS, Budapest, Hungary)
• prof. univ. dr hab. Rafał Glajcar (University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland)
• prof. Peter Gjortler (Riga Graduate School of Law, Latvia)
• dr Tomasz Grzybowski (SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Poland)
• prof. univ., dr hab. Grzegorz Gudzbeler (University of Warsaw, Poland)
• prof. Arvydas Guogis (Mykolas Romeris University in Vilnius, Lithuania)
• dr Muamer Hirkić, Senior Associate (University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
• prof. Anatolii Kibysh (University of Security in Poznań, Poland)
• assoc. prof. dr Serhii Kasian (Dnipro University of Technology, Ukraine)
• prof. dr Andrey Kinyakin (Centro Universitário Integrado di Campo Mourão, Brazil)
• prof. Krzysztof Kowalczyk (University of Szczecin, Poland)
• prof. univ. dr hab. Tomasz Kubin (University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland)
• prof. Bozena Leven (TCNJ The College of New Jersey, USA)
• dr Łukasz Lewkowicz (Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Poland)
• dr Kerry Anne Longhurst, Jean Monnet Professor (Collegium Civitas, Warsaw, Poland)
• prof. dr hab. Edward Molendowski (WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland)
• assoc. prof. Matjaz Nahtigal (University of Ljubljana and University of Primorska, Slovenia)
• dr Robert Oktaba (Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Poland)
• prof. univ. dr hab. Przemysław Osiewicz (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland)
• dr Stavros Panagiotou (Athens University, Greece)
• prof. dr hab. Oksana Polinkevych (Lutsk National Technical University, Ukraine)
• dr Venera Russo (Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Bulgaria)
• prof. Magdolna Sass (HUN-REN Centre for Economic and Regional Studies – Institute of World Economics, Budapest, Hungary)
• dr Piotr Sadowski (Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Polska)
• prof. Darko Simović (University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, Belgrade, Serbia)
• prof. dr hab. inż. Marek Sitarz (WSB University, Gliwice, Poland)
• prof. univ., dr hab. Marcin Szewczyk (WSIiZ Rzeszow, Poland)
• dr Marta Szulc (University of Szczecin, Poland)
• dr hab. Magdalena Tomala (Kielce University of Technology, Poland)
• dr Magdalena Tomaszewska-Michalak (University of Warsaw, Poland)
• dr Srđan Vujović (Evidence-Based Development International, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
• prof. Charles Wait (Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, Republic of South Africa)
• prof. univ. dr hab. Krzysztof Wasilewski (Koszalin University of Technology, Poland)
• prof. ucz. dr hab. Piotr Witkowski (Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Poland)
• prof. dr hab. Krystyna Wojewódzka-Król (University of Gdańsk, Poland)
• dr Agnieszka Ziętek (Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Poland)
List of Reviewers 2023:
List of Reviewers 2022:
List of Reviewers 2021:
List of Reviewers 2020:
List of Reviewers 2019:
- prof. UAM dr hab. Anita Adamczyk (Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland),
- dr Alexandru Apetroe (Uniwersytet Babeș-Bolyai w Kluż-Napoka, România),
- dr hab. Piotr Bajda (Cardinal Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Poland),
- prof. UŚ dr hab. Jacek Barcik (University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland),
- dr Adam Bartnicki (University of Białystok, Poland),
- dr Artiom Barynkin (Saint Petersburg State University, Russia),
- dr Izolda Bokszczanin-Gołaś (University of Warsaw, Poland),
- dr hab. Paweł Borkowski (Polish Akademy of Sciences, Poland),
- prof. UwB dr hab. Stanisław Bożyk (University of Białystok, Poland),
- dr hab. Piotr Broda-Wysocki (Cardinal Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Poland),
- dr Piotr Burgoński (Cardinal Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Poland),
- prof. US dr hab. Ewelina Cała-Wacinkiewicz (University of Szczecin, Poland),
- prof. Georgiana Ciceo (Uniwersytet Babeș-Bolyai in Kluż-Napoka, România),
- prof. Małgorzata Ciesielska (Northumbria University Newcastle, Great Britain),
- doc. dr Valentin Constantinov (State University of Tiraspol in Chisinau, Moldova),
- dr Barbara Curyło (University of Opole, Poland),
- dr Michał Dulak (Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Poland),
- prof. dr hab. Bożena Dziemidok-Olszewska (Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Poland),
- dr hab. Wojciech Gagatek (University of Warsaw, Poland),
- prof. Alexander A. Galushkin (People's Friendship University of Russia – RUDN, Moscow, Russia; Academy of the International Agency of Public Security, Geneva, Switzerland),
- prof. Abdul Rahman Haj Ibrahim (Birzeit University, West Bank),
- doc. dr Denis Iroshnikov (Moscow University MIIT, Russia),
- doc. dr Vladimir Ivanov (People's Friendship University of Russia – RUDN, Moscow, Russia),
- prof. dr hab. Dagmara Jajeśniak-Quast (European University Viadrina in Frankfurt/Oder, Germany),
- dr hab. Łukasz Jakubiak (Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Poland),
- prof. dr hab. Grzegorz Janusz (Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Poland)
- dr Izabela Kapsa (Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland),
- prof. dr hab. Anatoly Kibysh (Kaliningrad branch of the SPGAU University, Polessk, Russia),
- doc. dr Andrey Kinyakin (People's Friendship University of Russia – RUDN, Moscow, Russia; University of Potsdam, Germany),
- dr Adam Kirpsza (Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Poland)
- dr Artur Kopka (European University Viadrina in Frankfurt/Oder, Germany),
- doc. dr Olena Kovtun (Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine),
- dr Dariusz Kowalski (The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Poland),
- dr Izabela Kraśnicka (University of Białystok, Poland),
- dr hab. Aleksandra Kruk (University of Zielona Góra, Poland),
- doc. dr Roman Kryvonos (Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine),
- doc. JUDr Filip Křepelka (Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic),
- dr hab. Tomasz Kubin (University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland),
- dr hab. Elżbieta Kużelewska (University of Białystok, Poland),
- dr Mircea T. Maniu (Uniwersytet Babeș-Bolyai w Kluż-Napoka, România),
- prof. dr hab. Włodzimierz Martyniuk (Lviv Polytechnic, Ukraine),
- dr Elena Maystrovich (People's Friendship University of Russia – RUDN, Moscow, Russia),
- prof. Josef Melchior (University of Vienna, Austria),
- dr Dominika Mikucka-Wójtowicz (University of Warsaw, Poland),
- dr hab. Sylwia Mrozowska (University of Gdańsk, Poland),
- prof. dr hab. Marian Noga (The WSB University in Wrocław, Poland)
- dr Marcin Orzechowski (University of Szczecin, Poland),
- dr Joanna Orzechowska-Wacławska (Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Poland)
- doc. dr. Dmitry Ofitserov-Belskiy (The Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC), Russia),
- prof. Iryna Pavlenko (European University, Kyiv, Ukraine)
- dr hab. Edyta Pietrzak (Lodz University of Technolog, Poland),
- dr hab. Małgorzata Podolak (Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Poland),
- dr Radosław Potorski (The Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland),
- prof. UŁ dr hab. Jacek Reginia-Zacharski (University of Łódź, Poland)
- prof. UG dr hab. Marek Rewizorski (University of Gdańsk, Poland)
- prof. Cesáreo Rodríguez Aguilera (Universidad de Barcelona, Spain)
- prof. dr Elena N. Rudakova (Stolypin International Institute of Informatization and Public Administration in Moscow, Russia),
- prof. dr hab. Nadezhda Samsonova (Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University in Kaliningrad, Russia),
- prof. Dieter Segert (University of Vienna, Austria),
- prof. UR dr hab. Viktoriya Serzhanova (University of Rzeszow, Poland),
- prof. dr hab. Krzysztof Skotnicki (University of Łódź, Poland),
- prof. dr hab. Andrzej Skrzypek (University of Warsaw, Poland)
- doc. dr Olena Snigova (National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine),
- prof. Murat Somer (Koç University, Turkey),
- dr Katarzyna Stachurska-Szczesiak (Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Poland),
- prof. UMK dr hab. Michał Strzelecki (The Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland),
- dr Aleksandra Szczerba-Zawada (The Jacob of Paradies University in Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland),
- prof. dr hab. Nina V. Tamarskaya (Kaliningrad State Technical University, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Russia),
- dr Mikołaj Tomaszyk (Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland),
- dr hab. Piotr Tosiek (University of Warsaw, Poland),
- dr hab. Bartłomiej Toszek (University of Szczecin, Poland),
- doc. dr Zakhar V. Tropin (Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine),
- prof. Jolanta Urbanovic (Mykolas Romeris University in Vilnius, Lithuania),
- dr Ovidiu Vaida (Uniwersytet Babeș-Bolyai w Kluż-Napoka, România),
- prof. Alessandro Vitale (University of Milan, Italy),
- dr Lukáš Vomlela (Silesian University in Opava, Czech Republik),
- dr Danijela Vuković-Ćalasan (University of Montenegro in Podgorica, Montenegro),
- prof. dr hab. Adam Wielomski (Cardinal Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Poland)
- prof. dr hab. Jacek Wojnicki (University of Warsaw, Poland),
- prof. dr hab. Abdurashid Yafasov (Kaliningrad State Technical University, Russia),
- dr hab. Jacek Zaleśny (University of Warsaw, Poland),
- dr Olha Zavadska (National University Ostroh Academy, Ukraine),
- prof. dr hab. Galyna Zelenko (National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine),
- prof. dr hab. Yaroslav Zhalilo (National Institute of the Strategic Studies in Kyiv, Ukraine),
- prof. Ricardo Zugasti (University of Zaragoza, Spain),
- prof. Przemysław Żukiewicz (University of Wrocław, Poland),
- prof. Jan Žukovskis (Vytautas Magnus University in Kowno, Lithuania).
List of Reviewers 2018:
- prof. UAM dr hab. Anita Adamczyk (Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland)
- dr Alexandru Apetroe (Babeş-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca, România)
- dr Artur Adamczyk (University of Warsaw, Poland)
- ks. prof. UKSW dr hab. Janusz Balicki (Cardinal Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Poland)
- prof. UŚ dr hab. Jacek Barcik (University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland)
- dr Krzysztof Biegun (Economic University in Wrocław, Poland)
- dr Piotr Burgoński (Cardinal Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Poland)
- prof. Georgiana Ciceo (Babeş-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca, România)
- prof. dr hab. Ettore Cinnella (University of Pisa, Italy)
- doc. dr Valentin Constantinov (State University of Tiraspol in Chisinau, Moldova)
- prof. dr hab. Angela Di Gregorio (University of Milan, Italy)
- prof. UPH dr hab. Włodzimierz Fehler (Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland)
- prof. UO dr hab. Anastazja Gajda (University of Opole, Poland)
- prof. Alexander A. Galushkin (People's Friendship University of Russia – RUDN, Moscow, Russia)
- prof. ALK dr hab. Agnieszka Grzelak (Kozminski University, Poland)
- prof. dr hab. Taras Gurzhii (Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics, Ukraine)
- doc. dr Denis Iroshnikov (Moscow University MIIT, Russia)
- doc. dr Vladimir Ivanov (People's Friendship University of Russia – RUDN, Moscow, Russia)
- dr hab. Łukasz Jakubiak (Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Poland)
- dr Marek Jarentowski (Cardinal Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Poland)
- dr Adam Jaskulski (Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland)
- prof. dr hab. Anatoly Kibysh (Kaliningrad branch of the SPGAU University, Polessk, Russia)
- doc. dr Andrey Kinyakin (People's Friendship University of Russia – RUDN, Moscow, Russia)
- dr Marcin Kleinowski (The Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland)
- dr Artur Kopka (European University Viadrina in Frankfurt/Oder, Germany)
- dr Dorota Kowalewska (University of Szczecin, Poland)
- prof. dr hab. Ireneusz Kraś (The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Poland)
- dr Izabela Kraśnicka (University of Białystok, Poland)
- doc. JUDr Filip Křepelka (Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic)
- dr hab. Tomasz Kubin (University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland)
- dr Michał Kuź (Łazarski University, Poland)
- prof. UJ dr hab. Paweł Laidler (Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Poland)
- prof. dr Gabriel Leahu (Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Romania)
- dr Tomasz Litwin (Academy Ignatianum in Cracow, Poland)
- dr Mircea T. Maniu (Babeş-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca, România)
- prof. dr hab. Włodzimierz Martyniuk (Lviv Polytechnic, Ukraine)
- prof. UWr dr hab. Patrycja Matusz-Protasiewicz (University of Wrocław, Poland)
- dr Elena Maystrovich (People's Friendship University of Russia – RUDN, Moscow, Russia)
- dr hab. Sylwia Mrozowska (University of Gdańsk, Poland)
- dr hab. Małgorzata Myśliwiec (University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland)
- dr Artur Olechno (University of Białystok, Poland)
- dr Marta Pachocka (SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Poland)
- dr Agnieszka Parol (The John Paul Catholic University of Lublin, Poland)
- prof. UR dr hab. Viktoriya Serzhanova (University of Rzeszów, Poland)
- dr Justyna Sikora (Collegium Humanum – Warsaw Management University, Poland)
- prof. dr hab. Ryszard Skarzyński (University of Białystok, Poland)
- prof. dr hab. Krzysztof Skotnicki (University of Łódź, Poland)
- dr Aleksandra Szczerba-Zawada (The Jacob of Paradies University in Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland)
- dr Jolanta Szymańska (Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Poland)
- prof. dr hab. Nina V. Tamarskaya (KSTU University in Kaliningrad, Russia)
- dr Mikołaj Tomaszyk (Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland)
- dr hab. Piotr Tosiek (Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Poland)
- dr hab. Bartłomiej Toszek (University of Szczecin, Poland)
- prof. UWr dr hab. Paweł Turczyński (University of Wrocław, Poland)
- dr Ovidiu Vaida (Babeş-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca, România)
- prof. Alessandro Vitale (University of Milan, Italy)
- dr hab. Piotr Wawrzyk (University of Warsaw, Poland)
- dr Luiza Wojnicz-Smal (University of Szczecin, Poland)
- prof. dr hab. Abdurashid Yafasov (KSTU University in Kaliningrad, Russia)
- prof. dr hab. Yaroslav Zhalilo (National Institute of the Strategic Studies in Kyiv, Ukraine)