Preventing jihadist radicalisation in Spanish prisons

2022, 2022, No. 2

DOI

10.31338/1641-2478pe.2.22.7

Publication date

30.08.2022

Publishing model

open access

License type

CC BY 4.0 Int.

Field

Social sciences

Discipline

economics and finance, communication and media studies, political science and public administration, management and quality studies, law, sociology, international relations

Language of publication

Polish, English

Downloads

PDF 222 KB

Article

Number of views:207

Number of downloads:43

Crossref citations:0

Altmetric score:0

View downloads map

Abstract

The process of radicalisation, that often takes place in prisions in European and Muslim countries, is extremely important to understand the challenges and threats for the international security, caused by jihadist terrorism. It is necessary to analyse how condemned individual becomes involved in militant activities. The article analyses the problem of violent radicalisation in Spanish prisions and examines anti-terrorist policy based in this context on the idea of prevention, deradicalisation and disengagement. The research is focused on the conditions and purposes of the Spanish strategies and programmes introduced in the penitentiary centers in the response to the jihadi recruitment in the Iberian Peninsula. The author emphasises the priorities of the National Strategic Plan to Combat Violent Radicalisation approved in 2015 and other initiatives and regulations to stop the Salafi proselytism and unable the indoctrination activities among the Muslim in prisions. The methodological analysis is based on the integration of historical and system method and refers to the Marc Sageman’s theory of the jihadist network, which is more appropriate to understand how they appear and operate. The main finding of the article is that Spanish authorities have implemented the multidimensional and integrated programmes countering violent extremism and anti-radicalisation in prisions that are effective, despite some elements that could be improved.

Keywords:

Bibliography

ALY Anne, TAYLOR Elisabeth, KARNOVSKY Saul (2014), Moral Disengagement and Building Resilience to Violent Extremism: An Education Intervention, "Studies in Conflict & Terrorism", vol. 37, no. 4. DOI: 10.1080/1057610X.2014.879379

ANTÓN-MELLÓN Joan, MIRAVITLLAS POUS Enric (2021), Convivencia y radicalización extremista. Parámetros genéricos y utilización de contranarrativas en entornos penitenciarios, w: A. A. Rimo, A. Gil Gil (red.), Prevención de la radicalización violenta en prisión, Madrid.

https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1s7cjcj

BOLECHÓW Bartosz (2012), Polityka antyterrorystyczna w świetle badań nad terroryzmem, Wrocław.

BOUMNINA Bahae Eddine (2021), Marco teórico doctrinal de la Yihad. Ejemplo de su procesamiento dentro de los centros penitenciarios, w: A. A. Rimo, A. Gil Gil (red.), Prevención de la radicalización violenta en prisión, Madrid.

https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1s7cjcj.6

CANO PAÑOS Miguel Ángel (2021), La radicalización islamista en la Europa del año 2020. ¿Adaptación, cambio o continuidad?, w: A. A. Rimo, A. Gil Gil (red.), Prevención de la radicalización violenta en prisión, Madrid.

https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1s7cjcj.5

CLARKE Colin P. (2016), Drugs & Thugs: Funding Terrorism through Narkotics Traffiking, "Journal of Strategic Security", vol. 9, no. 3. DOI: 10.5038/1944-0472.9.3.1536

FEDDES Allard Rienk, MANN Liesbeth, DOOSJE Bertjan (2015), Increasing self-esteem and empathy to prevent violent radicalization: A longitudinal quantitative evaluation of a resilience training focused on adolescents with a dual identity, "Journal of Applied Social Psychology", vol. 45, no. 7. DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12307

FERNÁNDEZ ABAD Carlos (2020), La respuesta del sistema penitenciario español ante el fenómeno de la radicalización yihadista, "Cadernos de Dereito Actual", no. 14.

GIL GIL Alicia (2021), ¿Son resocializables los delincuentes de motivación ideológica a través de la pena?, w: A. A. Rimo, A. Gil Gil (red.), Prevención de la radicalización violenta en prisión, Madrid.

https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1s7cjcj.9

GOBIERNO DE ESPAÑA (2019), Estrategia Nacional contra el Terrorismo, https://www.dsn.gob.es/ sites/dsn/files/Estrategia%20contra%20Terrorismo_SP.pdf.pdf (31.12.2019)

GOFFMAN Erving (2011), Instytucje totalne. O pacjentach szpitali psychiatrycznych i mieszkańcach innych instytucji totalnych, tłum. J. Łaszcz, O. Waśkiewicz, Gdańsk.

GUTIERREZ José Antonio, JORDÁN Javier, TRUJILLO Humberto (2008), Prevention of Jihadist Radicalization in Spanish Prisons. Current Situation, Challenges and Dysfunctions of the Penitentiary System, "Athena Intelligence Journal", vol. 3, no. 1.

HAFEZ Mohammed, MULLINS Creighton (2015), The Radicalization Puzzle: A Theoretical Synthesis of Emirical Approaches to Homegrown Extremism, "Studies in Conflict & Terrorism", vol. 38, no. 11. DOI: 10.1080/1057610X.2015.1051375

HORGAN John (2021), Psychologia terroryzmu, tłum. A. Jaworska-Surma, Warszawa.

INTERIOR ALERTA de que el periodo de captación yihadista se reduce a dos meses (2015), "Cuatro", http:// www.cuatro.com/noticias/espana/Jorge_Fernandez_Diaz-terrorismo_yihadista_0_1979250059. html (29.04.2015).

ISLAM Md. Didarul (2019), De-radicalisation of Terrorists: Theoretical Analysis and Case Studies, "Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses", vol. 11, no. 5.

KOSMYNKA Stanisław (2015), Rozwój radykalizmu salafickiego w Katalonii w kontekście działalności Hizb ut-Tahrir i innych organizacji, "Władza Sądzenia", nr 6/2015.

KOSMYNKA Stanisław (2017), Zapobieganie radykalizacji społeczności muzułmańskich jako element strategii antyterrorystycznej władz Hiszpanii, w: T. Domański (red.), Międzynarodowe oblicza terroryzmu. Ujęcie interdyscyplinarne, Łódź.

KOSMYNKA Stanisław (2019a), Fenomen udziału ochotników z Republiki Trynidadu i Tobago w szeregach tzw. Państwa Islamskiego, "TEKA", vol. 14, no 1. DOI: 10.17951/teka.2019.14.1.133-143

KOSMYNKA Stanisław (2019b), Związki terroryzmu dżihadystycznego i handlu narkotykami. Casus Hiszpanii, "Historia i Polityka", nr 27(34).

https://doi.org/10.12775/HiP.2019.003

KOSMYNKA Stanisław (2020), Partnerstwo hiszpańsko-portugalskie w zakresie walki z terroryzmem, "Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka", nr 4 (XLI), DOI: 10.48269/2451-0718-btip-2020-4-015

LÓPEZ NOVO José Luis (2021), Prevención de radicalización en prisiones. Estrategia de la Administra¬ción Penitenciaria Española, w: A. A. Rimo, A. Gil Gil (red.), Prevención de la radicalización violenta en prisión, Madrid.

https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1s7cjcj.16

MAKARENKO Tamara (2012), Europe's Crime-Terror Nexus: Links Between Terrorist and Organised Crime Groups in the European Union, Study for the LIBE committee, European Parliament, Brussels, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2012/462503/IPOL-LIBE_ET(2012)462503_EN.pdf (31.10.2012).

MINISTERIO DEL INTERIOR (WWW), Centro penitenciario Alicante II, http://www.acaip.info/valen-cia/Documentos/folleto.pdf (01.09.2021).

McCAULEY Clarke, MOSKALENKO Sophia (2008), Mechanisms of Political Radicalization: Pathways Towards Terrorism, "Terrorism and Political Violence", vol. 20, no. 3. DOI: 10.1080/ 09546550802073367

NEUMANN Peter (2010), Prison and Terrorism. Radicalisation and Deradicalisation in 15 countries, The International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence, London.

POST Jerrold M. (1990), Terrorist psychologic: Terrorist behavior as a product of psychological forces, w: Walter Reich (red.), Origins of Terrorism: Psychologies, Ideologies, Theologies, States of Mind, Washington.

RAMOS HERRERO Felicísimo (2021), La intervención sobre el radicalismo de etiolgoía yihadista en los centros penitenciarios: los grupos de control y seguimiento, w: A. A. Rimo, A. Gil Gil (red.), Prevención de la radicalización violenta en prisión, Madrid.

https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1s7cjcj.19

REINARES Fernando, GARCIA-CALVO Carola (2015), España frente a los retos de un yihadismo en cambio, "Análisis del Real Instituto Elcano (ARI)", nr 6.131

REINARES Fernando, GARCIA-CALVO Carola (2014), Siria, Irak y la movilización yihadista en España: reactivación de redes latentes y eclosión del yihadismo homegrown, "Análisis del Real Instituto Elcano (ARI)", nr 50.

REINARES Fernando, GARCIA-CALVO Carola, VICENTE Álvaro (2018), Yihadismo y prisiones: un análisis del caso español, "Análisis del Real Instituto Elcano (ARI)", nr 123.

SAGEMAN Marc (2008), Leaderless Jihad. Terror Networks in the Twenty-First Century, University of Pensylvania Press, Philadelphia.

https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812206784

SANTOS HERMOSO Jorge, GONZÁLEZ ÁLVAREZ José Luis, MACIA VÁZQUEZ Andrea, POZUELO RUBIO Florencia, CHICLANA Sandra (2021), Jihadist Extremism in Spanish Prisons. Characterisation of the Inmates Linked to Jihadist Radicalisation and Analysis of Their Behaviour in Prison, "Terrorism and Political Violence". DOI: 10.1080/09546553.2021.1972978

SHELANU, Doctor (2021), El terrorismo yihadista no descansa. En 2020 dejó al menos 9.784 muertos en todo el mundo, "Periodista Digital", https://www-periodistadigital-com.nproxy.org/totalitari-smo/20210313/el-terrorismo-yihadista-no-descansa-en-2020-dejo-al-menos-9-748-muertos-en-todo-el-mundo-689404449106/ (13.03.2021).

SILKE Andrew, VELDHUIS Tinka (2017), Management and Allocation of Violent Extremist Offenders Within the Prison System, "Perspectives on Terrorism", vol. 11, issue 5.

SPALEK Basia, DAVIES Lynn (2012), Mentoring in Relation to Violent Extremism: A Study of Role, Purpose, and Outcomes, "Studies in Conflict & Terrorism", vol. 35, no. 5. DOI: 10.1080/1057610X.2012.666820

VICENTE Álvaro (2021), Vínculos sociales y terrorismo yihadista: ¿qué conduce de la radicalización violenta a la implicación terrorista, "Análisis del Real Instituto Elcano (ARI)", nr 39.

WEBBER David et al. (2018), Deradicalizing Detained Terrorists, "Political Psychology", vol. 39, no. 3. DOI: 10.1111/pops.12428

WIKTOROWICZ Quintan (2005), Radical Islam Rising. Muslim Extremism in the West, Oxford.

Preventing jihadist radicalisation in Spanish prisons

Stanisław Kosmynka

0000-0003-4131-4762

DOI